The Sacred City of Kandy, nestled in the lush hills of Sri Lanka, is one of the island’s most important religious and cultural destinations. Famous for being home to the Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa), this UNESCO World Heritage Site plays a central role in Sri Lankan Buddhism. Beyond its spiritual significance, Kandy is also known for its stunning landscapes, rich history, and vibrant festivals.
A Brief History of Kandy
Kandy served as the last capital of the ancient kings of Sri Lanka, holding out against Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonial powers for many years. The city’s strategic location, surrounded by mountains and thick forests, helped protect it from invaders. Kandy’s significance grew with the arrival of the Sacred Tooth Relic in the 4th century AD, believed to be a tooth of Lord Buddha himself. The relic was brought to Sri Lanka from India and was enshrined in Kandy, making the city a focal point of Buddhist worship and royal authority.
The Temple of the Tooth Relic became the symbol of sovereignty, and the ruler of Kandy was considered the guardian of the relic. Today, Kandy remains a revered pilgrimage site for Buddhists and a must-visit destination for those exploring the cultural heritage of Sri Lanka.
Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa)
The Temple of the Tooth Relic is Kandy’s most important landmark and one of the most sacred places in the world for Buddhists. Housed within a grand temple complex by the Kandy Lake, the relic is enshrined in a series of golden caskets placed in a heavily guarded chamber.
1. The Sacred Relic
The Tooth Relic is believed to be one of the few surviving relics of the Buddha, brought to Sri Lanka during the reign of King Kithsirimevan (301-328 AD). The relic holds immense spiritual significance, symbolizing the Buddha’s wisdom and the legitimacy of Sri Lankan rulers. The relic is not directly visible, but pilgrims and visitors can view the golden casket in which it is housed during puja ceremonies held three times a day.
2. The Temple Architecture
The architecture of the Temple of the Tooth reflects traditional Kandyan styles, with elaborately carved woodwork, golden roofs, and vibrant murals depicting the life of the Buddha and scenes from Sri Lankan history. Visitors can explore the inner shrines, audience halls, and the museum that houses relics and artifacts related to Buddhism and Sri Lankan royalty.
3. The Esala Perahera Festival
Kandy is also famous for its annual Esala Perahera festival, held in July or August to honor the Sacred Tooth Relic. The festival is one of the most spectacular events in Sri Lanka, featuring processions of dancers, drummers, whip-crackers, and elaborately dressed elephants, including the Maligawa Tusker that carries a replica of the Sacred Tooth Relic. The festival is a vivid display of Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage and draws thousands of pilgrims and tourists every year.
Other Attractions in Kandy
While the Temple of the Tooth Relic is the main highlight of Kandy, the city and its surroundings offer several other attractions that make it a must-visit destination for travelers.
1. Kandy Lake
Located right next to the Temple of the Tooth, Kandy Lake is a serene body of water that adds to the beauty and tranquility of the city. Built by the last king of Kandy, Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe, in 1807, the lake is a perfect spot for a leisurely stroll or a boat ride, with stunning views of the surrounding hills and temples.
2. Royal Palace of Kandy
Adjacent to the Temple of the Tooth is the Royal Palace of Kandy, which once served as the residence of the Kandyan kings. Though much of the original palace was destroyed, parts of the complex remain, including the Queens’ Palace, Council Chambers, and Royal Audience Hall. The palace complex gives insight into the grandeur and history of the Kandyan kingdom.
3. Udawattakele Forest Reserve
Just north of Kandy, the Udawattakele Forest Reserve offers a peaceful retreat for nature lovers. Once a royal forest reserved for Kandyan kings, this lush jungle is now home to various species of birds, monkeys, and other wildlife. Several walking trails meander through the forest, making it a great spot for a nature walk.
4. Peradeniya Botanical Gardens
Located about 6 kilometers from Kandy, the Peradeniya Botanical Gardens are the largest and most impressive botanical gardens in Sri Lanka. Established in the early 19th century by the British, the gardens are famous for their stunning collection of orchids, tropical plants, and towering trees. A visit to the gardens is perfect for a relaxing day amidst beautiful natural surroundings.
Kandy’s Cultural Significance
Kandy’s importance extends beyond its historical and religious significance. As the center of Sri Lanka’s traditional arts and culture, Kandy is home to many artisans, dancers, and musicians who continue to preserve the country’s cultural heritage. The city is known for its Kandyan dance, a traditional form of dance that originated in the royal courts of Kandy. Visitors can witness performances of this graceful and rhythmic dance, often accompanied by drumming, at cultural shows held in the city.
Tips for Visiting Kandy
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Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Kandy is during the dry season, from December to April, when the weather is mild and ideal for exploring the city. If you want to experience the Esala Perahera, plan your visit for July or August.
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What to Wear: Since the Temple of the Tooth is a religious site, visitors are required to dress modestly. Ensure that your shoulders and knees are covered. Wearing white, a symbol of purity, is appreciated by locals when visiting religious sites.
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Duration: A full day is enough to explore the main attractions in Kandy, but if you have more time, spend a few days to enjoy the surrounding nature reserves and cultural sites.
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Nearby Attractions: Kandy is a great base for visiting other nearby attractions such as Nuwara Eliya, the Knuckles Mountain Range, or embarking on a scenic train ride to Ella, considered one of the most beautiful train journeys in the world.
The Sacred City of Kandy offers a unique blend of spiritual reverence, royal history, and cultural richness. Whether you’re visiting to witness the grandeur of the Temple of the Tooth Relic, experience the lively Esala Perahera, or simply enjoy the serene beauty of Kandy’s surroundings, this city provides an unforgettable glimpse into Sri Lanka’s cultural heart. Kandy’s status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site ensures that its treasures are preserved for future generations to discover.
